no smoke oil for Ds Special websites for car fans
For several years, we can see that the number of websites through which you can arrange the purchase of selected parts of our car is still increasing. It is associated not only with the fact that Moto is a very popular interest and a way to spend free time, especially among men, but also because thanks to this kind of news services can be carried out replacement of the parts in our car much cheaper way than using service cars by a specialist. Hence the popularity of this solution is still gaining strength and it can be expected that in the coming years is still the number of customers opting for online purchase of auto parts will increase.
Car breakdown on the road - what to do?
Car crash can occur when you least expect. Very often there is a situation on the road, when we are far from home and from the proven mechanics, to which we have confidence. In such a situation, the best solution is to use a special insurance that allows you to tow the car and ensures delivery of a replacement vehicle. If we can not take advantage of such a solution, there remains nothing else but to bring the vehicle to the nearest garage which is located in the area. Fortunately, nowadays universal access to the Internet allows you to quickly locate such a facility. But in order to guard against such problems, it is regularly serviced and auto repair any faults on time.
Properties
Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. The bulk of a typical motor oil consists of hydrocarbons with between 18 and 34 carbon atoms per molecule.7 One of the most important properties of motor oil in maintaining a lubricating film between moving parts is its viscosity. The viscosity of a liquid can be thought of as its "thickness" or a measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index.
Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at the lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving parts upon starting up the engine. The pour point defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as "... an index of the lowest temperature of its utility ..." for a given application,8 but the "cold cranking simulator" (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and "Mini-Rotary Viscometer" (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today the properties required in motor oil specs and define the SAE classifications.
Oil is largely composed of hydrocarbons which can burn if ignited. Still another important property of motor oil is its flash point, the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off vapors which can ignite. It is dangerous for the oil in a motor to ignite and burn, so a high flash point is desirable. At a petroleum refinery, fractional distillation separates a motor oil fraction from other crude oil fractions, removing the more volatile components, and therefore increasing the oil's flash point (reducing its tendency to burn).
Another manipulated property of motor oil is its Total base number (TBN), which is a measurement of the reserve alkalinity of an oil, meaning its ability to neutralize acids. The resulting quantity is determined as mg KOH/ (gram of lubricant). Analogously, Total acid number (TAN) is the measure of a lubricant's acidity. Other tests include zinc, phosphorus, or sulfur content, and testing for excessive foaming.
The NOACK volatility (ASTM D-5800) Test determines the physical evaporation loss of lubricants in high temperature service. A maximum of 14% evaporation loss is allowable to meet API SL and ILSAC GF-3 specifications. Some automotive OEM oil specifications require lower than 10%.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil